In this article, we will be discussing ataxia in dogs. Ataxia is a symptom of neurological dysfunction that can have several different causes. There are three different types of ataxia in dogs: Proprioceptive ataxia, cerebellar ataxia, and vestibular ataxia. Each type has its own set of symptoms and causes. If you think your dog may be suffering from ataxia, it is important to get them checked out by a veterinarian as soon as possible. Please continue reading to learn more about the different types of ataxia in dogs.

What is ataxia in dogs?

Ataxia is a neurological disorder that causes problems with balance and coordination characterized by a swaying, staggering gait. It can be caused by damage to the spinal cord, the cerebellum, or the vestibular system. This affects the dog's ability to control its muscles and maintain balance, making them appear clumsy and uncoordinated.

What are the different types of ataxia in dogs?

If your dog has ataxia, it is very important to determine the specific type of ataxia that is present. There are three types of ataxia in dogs:

1. Proprioceptive ataxia: This type of ataxia is primarily related to disorders of the spinal cord, but can also be less commonly seen with diseases of the brainstem. Proprioceptive ataxia in dogs is a problem with the spinal cord's white matter. This means that the spinal cord can't send signals correctly to the brain about proprioception. Proprioception is the ability to sense the position of our bodies and limbs in space.

2. Cerebellar ataxia: This type of ataxia in dogs is characterized by an inability to control the rate and range of stepping movements, which is usually manifested by exaggerated stepping, or what veterinarians refer to as a high stepping or hypermetric gait. Cerebella ataxia is caused by damage to the cerebellum in the brain which controls coordination and balance.

3. Vestibular ataxia: This type of ataxia is related to the vestibular system in the inner ear and is characterized by a head tilt, nystagmus (rapid eye movements), and an uncoordinated gait or dizziness.

What causes ataxia in dogs?

Any disease process that affects the central nervous system or vestibular system has the potential to result in ataxia as a symptom. There are many causes of ataxia in dogs some of which include:

What are the symptoms of ataxia in dogs?

The symptoms of ataxia in dogs can vary, depending on the type and cause. In all cases of ataxia, there is an uncoordinated, swaying gait affecting one or multiple limbs.

Symptoms of proprioceptive ataxia:

  • Uncoordinated, ataxic gait
  • Weakness in the hind limbs
  • Dragging or scuffing the paws
  • Abnormal spinal reflexes

Symptoms of cerebellar ataxia:

  • High stepping or hypermetric gait
  • Loss of balance and coordination
  • Intention tremors

Symptoms of vestibular ataxia:

  • Head tilt +/- circling
  • Nystagmus (rapid eye movements)
  • Uncoordinated gait or dizziness

How is ataxia in dogs diagnosed?

If you suspect your dog is suffering from ataxia, it is important to see your veterinarian as soon as possible. Your veterinarian will conduct a physical examination and may recommend further diagnostics such as imaging (x-rays, MRI scans) to determine the underlying cause of ataxia. In some cases, a referral to a veterinary neurologist may be recommended to allow for a complete and thorough neurological examination.

What is the treatment for dogs with ataxia?

The treatment for ataxia is focused on treating the disease that is causing the ataxia. Please consult with your veterinarian to achieve a definitive diagnosis, therefore accurate treatment plan.

Does gabapentin cause ataxia in dogs?

Generally, gabapentin is well tolerated at the correct dosage; however, at higher doses, it can cause ataxia. If you give your dog gabapentin, it is important to monitor their behaviour for any signs of ataxia or other side effects. If ataxia does occur, it is important to contact your veterinarian for further advice.

What is a hypermetric gait in dogs?

A hypermetric gait, or high-stepping gait, is a characteristic of ataxia that is caused by cerebellar ataxia. The cerebellum in the brain is responsible for controlled motion, and cerebellar ataxia results in exaggerated stepping where each paw is lifted higher than normal as it steps.

What toxins can cause ataxia in dogs?

There are many different toxins that can cause ataxia. The most common are:
Organophosphates - pesticides such as over-the-counter flea medications
Mycotoxins - commonly found with compost toxicity
THC - occurs when dogs ingest marijuana preparations

Ataxia in dogs is a symptom of neurological dysfunction that can be caused by many different diseases or conditions. It can be caused by damage to the spinal cord, cerebellum or vestibular system, and results in problems with balance and coordination. It is important to determine the specific type of ataxia present in order to receive an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan. If you have any questions about ataxia in dogs, please discuss them further with your veterinarian.