7 Things You Need To Know About Panleukopenia In Cats | Feline Parvovirus

Are you a cat owner? If so, it's important to be aware of panleukopenia in cats - also known as feline parvovirus or feline distemper. This deadly virus can cause serious health problems in your beloved cat, and may even lead to death. Here are 7 things you need to know about panleukopenia in cats so that you can keep your cat safe!

1. What is panleukopenia in cats?

Panleukopenia in cats frequently referred to as feline distemper or feline distemper, is a very contagious disease in cats caused by infection with the feline parvovirus (FPV).

The most common age range for cats to develop clinical signs of the disease is between 3-5 months old, but kittens of any age can be affected. There is no gender or breed predisposition known. Panleukopenia is a highly contagious virus, so it's essential to keep your cat away from other animals if they are showing any symptoms.

2. How is panleukopenia in cats transmitted and how does it spread?

The feline panleukopenia virus is most commonly transmitted through contact with infected feces, either directly or indirectly. The virus is highly stable in the environment and can also be spread through contact with contaminated objects such as bedding, food bowls, or litter pans. In addition, the virus can be passed from mother to fetus during pregnancy and gestation.

Feline panleukopenia virus can last up to a year in the environment, even in organic material, and is resistant to most disinfectants but it can be killed with bleach (1:3 dilution).

3. What are the symptoms of panleukopenia in cats?

The most common symptoms of panleukopenia in cats include fever, lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea. In severe cases, the virus can cause dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and even death.

An infection while the fetus is in the womb can result in its death, infertility, abortion, and stillbirth. If kittens become infected either while they are still in their mother's womb or shortly after they are born, it can cause neurological problems. One common symptom is cerebellar hypoplasia, which is caused by damage to the part of the brain that controls movement (i.e. the cerebellum). Affected cats with cerebellar hypoplasia often have an uncoordinated gait and typically will also have tremors at rest.

4. How is feline panleukopenia diagnosed?

Panleukopenia in cats can often be diagnosed with a physical examination, a review of the cat's medical history, and laboratory tests. Laboratory tests that will help your veterinarian make a diagnosis include:

• A complete blood count (CBC): The CBC will show panleukopenia, which is low neutrophil and lymphocyte counts.
• Biochemistry profile: The findings from the biochemical profile are usually not very specific. The most common abnormality found is hypoalbuminemia, which happens when there is a decrease in protein intake or increased gastrointestinal losses.
• Fecal antigen test: Fecal antigen test kits can detect feline panleukopenia virus antigen. However, it is important to note that the feline panleukopenia virus may only be detectable in feces for a short period after infection (24-48 hours). Additionally, these tests may show positive results for up to 2 weeks after a cat has been vaccinated for panleukopenia.

5. How is panleukopenia in cats treated?

There is no specific treatment for panleukopenia and the virus cannot be cured. Treatment focuses on supportive care to help the cat recover from the disease. This may include providing fluids to prevent dehydration, administering antibiotics to prevent secondary infections, and providing nutrition to help the cat regain strength.

6. Can panleukopenia in cats be prevented?

The best way to prevent panleukopenia is to vaccinate your cat against the virus. Fortunately, this is considered core protection and therefore included within the standard FVRCP feline vaccine. Kittens should receive their first vaccination at 8 weeks of age and boosters every 3-4 weeks until they are 16 weeks old. Adult cats should receive a booster vaccination yearly or as your veterinarian recommends.

To decrease the spread of the virus, disinfect all cages, bowls, litter pans, etc. Cats typically shed the virus for 1-2 days after infection but it can continue for up to 6 weeks after they recover. It is important that any clinically ill or recovered cats isolate during this time.

7. What Are the Potential Complications of Panleukopenia?

If left untreated, panleukopenia can lead to death in a high percentage of affected cats.

A common complication resulting from panleukopenia in cats is cerebellar hypoplasia, which happens when the kitten becomes infected while still inside its mother. Kittens with cerebellar hypoplasia can live a good life if their neurologic deficits are not severe. They can make suitable pets depending on the severity of their condition.

Frequently asked questions

Panleukopenia in cats is a serious viral illness that can lead to death if left untreated. The best way to prevent panleukopenia is to vaccinate your cat against the virus. Kittens should receive their first vaccination at 8 weeks of age and boosters every 3-4 weeks until they are 16 weeks old. Adult cats should receive a booster vaccination yearly or as your veterinarian recommends. Panleukopenia can be treated with supportive care, which may include providing fluids to prevent dehydration, administering antibiotics to prevent secondary infections, and providing nutrition to help the cat regain strength. If you have any questions about feline panleukopenia, please consult with your veterinarian.